As many seniors spend the majority of their time inside their home, it is important to first tackle fall-proofing the house. One of the first steps in fall prevention is the identification of potential hazards within the home environment. You can start by considering areas where falls commonly occur, like staircases, bathrooms, and poorly lit areas. Also, take into account slippery surfaces, loose rugs, or floors that are cluttered. By being aware of these hazards, we can then take necessary precautions to reduce the risk of them. Here are some tips on modifying your home environment into one that is safer:
- Install adequate lighting: Ensure that your home is well-lit by installing adequate lighting, especially in hallways, staircases, and entryways. Replace dim light bulbs with brighter lighting options. This will decrease the chance of falls due to not being able to properly see surroundings.
- Clear clutter and maintain a tidy living space: Remove any unnecessary items or obstacles, especially on the floor. Keep your floors clear of highly-trip-able items, like loose wires and cords.
- Secure loose flooring: Loose carpets and rugs are common culprits for falls. Secure these with hefty double-sided tape. Replace any uneven or damaged flooring as soon as possible.
- Install handrails and grab bars: Using handrails on both sides of staircases and grab bars in bathrooms near toilets, showers, and bathtubs reduces the risk of falls in these areas. These supportive fixtures should be used each time.
- Utilize non-slip mats: Placing non-slip mats or grip liners underneath rugs will help prevent them from slipping. You can also consider removing rugs altogether, especially in areas in which you walk a lot. Pay extra attention to placing these mats where things could get slippery with water, as well, such as the bathroom or kitchen floors.
Tips for Fall Prevention Outside
Seniors may think that as long as they are taking a leisurely walk on a normal surface, falls will not happen outside. However, falls are extremely common, and the harsh impact of a sidewalk or road can be detrimental to a senior’s health. Here are some tips one can use to reduce the chance of falling outside:
- Wear appropriate shoes: Choosing shoes that provide good arch support and traction can save you from a fall. Avoid shoes with high heels or wedges, as well as ones with smooth soles, while walking outside. Athletic sneakers that fit correctly are often the best bet for seniors!
- Use a cane or walker: Having a cane or walker to support you can help seniors tremendously with preventing falls. Make sure that the aid is in good condition and working properly before using it.
- Stay mindful of your surroundings and take your time: Not only will mindfulness make your walks more enjoyable and immersive, but it will also ensure that you are fully aware of your surroundings when on a stroll. This can prevent falls due to tripping on something on the ground, walking into a pole/tree, or slipping into a puddle. Take your time when walking—taking a slow and leisurely route can help you stay mindful more easily.
- Pay attention to the weather: Seniors should avoid walking outside when weather could cause slips, like rain, snow, or sleet. They should also choose to take walks during the day and/or when it is bright out, to avoid falling due to not being able to see clearly.
Other tips for preventing falls include:
- Exercise regularly. Engaging in regular exercise and physical activities can help improve balance, strength, and flexibility. These skills reduce the likelihood of falls [3]. Exercises like strength and resistance training target major muscle groups to help build strength and improve stability. Balance and coordination exercises, like Tai Chi or yoga, can enhance equilibrium and body awareness. These activities focus on maintaining balance while performing controlled movements. Finally, walking and aerobic activities, like swimming or cycling, can help improve cardiovascular health and overall fitness.
- Review and manage medications. Certain medications have side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, or impaired balance, which can increase the risk of falls. To mitigate this, regularly review your medications and their side effects with your primary care provider. Always follow prescribed guidelines for taking these medications, and avoid skipping doses or self-adjusting, as this can increase the chance of side effects occurring. If you experience any side effects, contact your primary care provider immediately.
- Get regular vision and hearing checks. Impaired vision and hearing can significantly increase the risk of falls. To combat this, schedule regular vision and hearing exams. Address any vision or hearing changes at these exams.
- Seek support. Open communication with your primary care provider is vital for fall prevention. They can help provide guidance, assess your particular risks, and offer personal advice. Always let your doctor in on any past falls or near-fall experiences, so they can conduct a thorough evaluation. Describe your living situation to them, including any fall hazards you have identified. Your primary care provider can then offer additional recommendations and resources for home modifications.
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